Patients with PD demonstrate subjective and objective sleep alterations. Among patients, 52.1% (95% CI ) reported NPA (≥1/lifetime). Patients had higher Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) global scores (hedges’ g = 1.306, 95% CI ), longer PSG sleep latency (hedges’ g = 0.81, 95% CI ), poorer PSG sleep efficiency (hedges’ g = −0.79, 95% CI ), and shorter stage 2 (hedges’ g = 0.70, 95% CI ) and total sleep time (hedges’ g = −0.739, 95% CI ). PD patients were compared to healthy controls on subjective and objective measures. Of the 1262 publications retrieved, 31 were included. Meta-analysis was computed on self-report (subjective) and polysomnographic (PSG) (objective) data and on prevalence rates of nocturnal panic attacks (NPA). The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to document sleep disturbances in PD. Systematic database search and standardized extraction were conducted.
The nature and prevalence of sleep disturbances in panic disorder (PD) have been often discussed but remain unclear.
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